Climate Mitigation and Adaptation From The Indonesian Government Framework

Climate change presents significant risks for Indonesia’s natural resources that will, in turn, impact the production and distribution of food, water, and energy. Therefore, the GOI considers climate mitigation and adaptation efforts as an integrated concept that is essential for building resilience in safeguarding food, water, and energy resources. The GOI has made significant efforts towards developing and implementing a National Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) which provides a framework for adaptation initiatives that have been mainstreamed into the National Development Plan.

The GOI will implement enhanced actions to study and map regional vulnerabilities as the basis of the adaptation information system, and to strengthen institutional capacity and promulgation of climate change sensitive policies and regulations by 2020. The medium-term goal of Indonesia’s climate change adaptation strategy is to reduce risks on all development sectors (agriculture, water, energy security, forestry, maritime and fisheries, health, public service, infrastructure, and urban system) by 2030 through local capacity strengthening, improved knowledge management, convergent policy on climate change adaptation and disaster risks reduction, and application of adaptive technology.

Pre 2020 policies’ and actions will facilitate a smooth transition towards the implementation of nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement post-2020. The following pre-2020 policies and actions will lay a strong foundation for adaptation actions from 2020 onwards:

Pre-Condition.

1. Development of nations wide climate vulnerability index data Information System, built on the existing system known as SIDIK (Vulnerability Index Data Information System) which allows public access to the information on the system website.
2. Ministerial Regulation No. P.33/2016 on Guideline for development of National Adaptation Plan (NAP). The regulation allows the sub-national government to formulate its own Sub National Adaptation Plan (Sub NAP).
3. Enhance existing National Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation that has been formulated in 2014.

Environment and Social Economic Area

1. Law №37/2014 on Soil and water conservation, which leads to Sustainable agriculture and land use. The Law guided stakeholders in conserving lands and increasing productivity towards conservation agricultural approach.
2. Government Regulation №37/2012 on Watershed Management, which leads to enhanced watershed carrying capacity. The regulation provides a guideline to identify and address watersheds that need to be protected, restored, and rehabilitated.
3. Community-Based Forest Management will enhance community income and at the same time reduce pressure on the primary forest which leads to deforestation and forest degradation.
4. Enhance the role of PROKLIM (joint adaptation and mitigation/JAM) as a bottom-up approach in a climate resilience program at the village level. Furthermore, the enhanced PROKLIM will enable us to account for its contribution to the achievement of emission reduction both pre and post 2020.

Since Indonesia voluntarily pledged to reduce emissions by 26% on its own efforts, and up to 41% with international support, against the business as usual scenario by 2020, Indonesia has promulgated relevant legal and policy instruments, including the national action plan on GHG emissions reduction as stipulated in Presidential Regulation (PERPRES) №61/2011 and GHG inventory through Presidential Regulation (PERPRES) №71/2011.

Post-2020, Indonesia envisions a progression beyond its existing commitment to emission reductions. Based on the country’s most recent emissions level assessment, Indonesia has set an unconditional reduction target of 29%, and conditional reduction target up to 41 % of the business as usual scenario by 2030.

Indonesia has taken significant steps to reduce emissions in land use sector by instituting a moratorium on the clearing of primary forests and by prohibiting conversion of its remaining forests by reducing deforestation and forest degradation, restoring ecosystem functions, as well as sustainable forest management which includes social forestry through active participation of the private sector, small and medium enterprises, civil society organizations, local communities, and the most vulnerable groups, especially adat communities (Indonesia: Masyarakat Hukum Adat, internationally known as Indigenous People).

For the waste management sector, the GOI is committed to develop a comprehensive strategy to improve policy and institutional capacity at the local level, enhance the management capacity of urban wastewater, reduce landfill waste by promoting the “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle” approach, and the utilization of waste and garbage into energy production. The GOI is committed to further reduce emissions from the waste management sector by 2020 and beyond, through comprehensive and coherent policy development, institutional strengthening, improved financial and funding mechanisms, technology innovation, and social-cultural approaches.