First Indonesia’s NDC (Nationally Determined Contribution)
Indonesia is a nascent yet stable democracy and the fourth most populous country in the world. Despite continuous, multi-decade economic growth, approximately 11% of Indonesia’s population is living below the poverty line. To lift people out of poverty, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) is promoting economic development projected to average at least 5% per year in order to reduce the poverty rate to below 4% by 2025, as mandated by the Indonesian Constitution, inter alia, that “every person shall have the right to enjoy a good and healthy environment.” As climate change becomes a reality, Indonesia continues to seek a balance between its current and future development and poverty reduction priorities.
In 2010 the Government of Indonesia pledged to reduce emissions by 26% (41% with international support) against the business as usual scenario by 2020. The current administration, under President Joko Widodo, has determined priority actions within the national Nawa Cita (Nine Priority Agendas) framework, which includes protecting Indonesia’s citizens, encouraging rural and regional development, improving the quality of life, and improving productivity and global competitiveness. These core missions are consistent with the national commitment towards a low carbon and climate change-resilient development path, in which climate change adaptation and mitigation constitute an integrated and cross-cutting priority of the National Medium-Term Development Plan. The following priorities for enhanced actions in 2015–2019 will be fully integrated into Indonesia’s National MediumTerm Development Plan in 2020.
Given its pivotal geographic position in the global ocean conveyor belt (thermohaline circulation), the largest archipelagic country, and its extensive tropical rainforests with high biodiversity, high carbon stock values, and energy and mineral resources, Indonesia is recognized its role to play in combatting global climate change. Nevertheless, Indonesia is vulnerable to the natural disasters that will likely be exacerbated by climate change, especially in low-lying areas throughout the archipelago. Therefore Indonesia views comprehensive land and ocean-based climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts as a critical strategic consideration in achieving climate resilience in food, water, and energy.
Indonesia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) outlines the country’s transition to low carbon and climate-resilient future. The NDC describes the enhanced actions and the necessary enabling environment during the 2015–2019 period that will lay the foundation for more ambitious goals beyond 2020, contributing to the concerted effort to prevent 2oC increase in global average temperature and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5oC above pre-industrial levels.
For 2020 and beyond, Indonesia envisions achieving archipelagic climate resilience as a result of comprehensive adaptation and mitigation programs and disaster risk reduction strategies. Indonesia has set ambitious goals for sustainability-related to production and consumption of food, water, and energy. These goals will be achieved by supporting empowerment and capacity building, improved provision of basic services in health and education, technological innovation, and sustainable natural resource management, in compliance with principles of good governance.
